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Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete 's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving (see below). [ 1 ][ 2 ] In many ...
The Wood–Armer method is a structural analysis method based on finite element analysis used to design the reinforcement for concrete slabs. [1] This method provides simple equations to design a concrete slab based on the output from a finite element analysis software. The method was described by engineers Randal Herbert Wood and Graham S. T ...
A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. [ 1 ] The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs. Waffle slabs are preferred for spans greater than 40 feet (12 m), as they are much stronger than flat slabs, flat ...
Properties of concrete. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength (resistance to breaking when squeezed), but significantly lower tensile strength (resistance to breaking when pulled apart). The compressive strength is typically controlled with the ratio of water to cement when forming the concrete, and tensile strength is increased by ...
Structural engineeringis a sub-discipline of civil engineeringin which structural engineersare trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made structures. Structural engineersalso must understand and calculate the stability, strength, rigidityand earthquake-susceptibility of built structures for buildings[1 ...
T-beam. A T-beam (or tee beam), used in construction, is a load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete, wood or metal, with a capital 'T'-shaped cross section. The top of the T-shaped cross section serves as a flange or compression member in resisting compressive stresses. The web (vertical section) of the beam below the compression flange ...
A building project in Wuhan, China, demonstrating the relationship between the inner load-bearing structure and an exterior glass curtain wall. Curtain walls are also used on residential structures. A curtain wall is an exterior covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, instead serving to protect the interior of the ...