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Eicosenoic acid has 20 carbons, is found in a wide variety of plant oils, and is a cis-11-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C 19 H 37 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-icos-11-enoic acid, numerical representation 20:1 (11), n-9, molecular weight 310.51. CAS Registry Number 5561-99-9.
Cis unsaturated fatty acids, however, increase cellular membrane fluidity, whereas trans unsaturated fatty acids do not. trans A trans configuration, by contrast, means that the adjacent two hydrogen atoms lie on opposite sides of the chain.
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Foods containing unsaturated fats include avocado, nuts, olive oils, and vegetable oils such as canola. Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats.
High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80%) and canola oil (70%) also have been developed. [11] Karuka contains 52.39% oleic acid. [ 12 ] It is abundantly present in many animal fats, constituting 37 to 56% of chicken and turkey fat, [ 13 ] and 44 to 47% of lard .
Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n−6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid. [5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega−6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. [2]
Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase (EC 1.14.19.1), [18] an enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a double bond at the delta-9 position of steraoyl-ACP to produce oleoyl-ACP. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of vegetable oils.
[49] [50] Foods containing unsaturated fats include avocado, nuts, olive oils, and vegetable oils such as canola. Many scientific studies have found that replacing saturated fats with cis unsaturated fats in the diet reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), [51] [52] diabetes, or death. [53]
[25]: 193–5 Most naturally occurring fatty acids are of the cis configuration, although the trans form does exist in some natural and partially hydrogenated fats and oils. [26] Examples of biologically important fatty acids include the eicosanoids, derived primarily from arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, that include prostaglandins ...