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The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [18] [19] [20] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [18]
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized:al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is a branch inside Islam, which many believe is descended from the Kharijites. [ 3 ] The followers of Ibadism are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل ...
Sufi philosophy. Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, [ 1 ] also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. [ 1 ] It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from ...
The Kharijites(Arabic: الخوارج, romanized: al-Khawārij, singular Arabic: خارجي, romanized: khārijī) were an Islamic sect which emerged during the First Fitna(656–661). The first Kharijites were supporters of Aliwho rebelled against his acceptance of arbitration talks to settle the conflict with his challenger, Mu'awiya, at the ...
Twelver Shi'ism. Twelver Shīʿism (Arabic: ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; ʾIthnā ʿAshariyya), also known as Imāmiyya (Arabic: إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shīas. The term Twelver refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve ...
Further information: Political aspects of Islam, Shia–Sunni relations, and Succession to Muhammad. Diagram showing the various branches of Islam: Sunnīsm, Shīʿīsm, Ibadism, Quranism, Non-denominational Muslims, Mahdavia, Ahmadiyya, Nation of Islam, and Sufism. The original schism between Kharijites, Sunnīs, and Shīʿasamong Muslimswas ...
Mu'tazilism (Arabic: المعتزلة, romanized: al-muʿtazila, singular Arabic: معتزلي, romanized: muʿtazilī) is an Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents after ...
Isma'ilism (Arabic: الإسماعيلية, romanized: al-Ismāʿīliyya) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam. [9] The Isma'ili ( / ˌ ɪ z m ɑː ˈ ɪ l iː / ) [ 10 ] get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor ( imām ) to Ja'far al-Sadiq , wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia , who ...