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The word Cahokia has several different meanings, referring to different peoples and often leading to misconceptions and confusion. Cahokia can refer to the physical mounds, a settlement that turned into a still existing small town in Illinois, the original mound builders of Cahokia who belonged to a larger group known as the Mississippians, or the Illinois Confederation subtribe of peoples who ...
The Cahokia polity was a political entity that existed with Cahokia as its center and exercising control over outlying areas. Unlike other Mississippian chiefdoms , the Cahokia polity had an unusual early emergence, high population, and noted greater regional influence.
Cahokia became the most important center for the Mississippian culture. This culture was expressed in settlements that ranged along major waterways across what is now the Midwest, Eastern, and Southeastern United States. Cahokia was located in a strategic position near the confluence of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Illinois rivers.
Cahokia became the largest city north of Mesoamerica covering an area of 14.5 km 2 (5.6 sq mi) and with a population estimated at between 10,000 and 15,000 people. The fall of Cahokia about 1300 CE initiated the Middle Mississippian Culture (1300 to 1475 CE) which saw the influence of Cahokia reflected in a large number of smaller chiefdoms.
Moundville: Ranked with Cahokia as one of the two most important sites at the core of the Mississippian culture, [11] located near Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Parkin site : The type site for the "Parkin phase", an expression of Late Mississippian culture, believed by many archaeologists to be the province of Casqui visited by Hernando de Soto in 1542.
At its peak, between the 12th and 13th centuries, Cahokia was the most populous city in North America. (Larger cities did exist in Mesoamerica and the Andes.) Monks Mound, the major ceremonial center of Cahokia, remains the largest earthen construction of the prehistoric Americas. The culture reached its peak in about 1200–1400 CE, and in ...
Cahokia was a major regional chiefdom, with trade and tributary chiefdoms located in a range of areas from bordering the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Kincaid [19] c. 1050–1400 CE, [20] is one of the largest settlements of the Mississippian culture, it was located at the southern tip of present-day U.S. state of Illinois.
The falcon warrior or "birdman" is a common motif in Mississippian culture, and is even represented by other finds at Cahokia in the form of two small stone tablets with avian-human imagery. Below the birdman was a woman, [12] buried facing downward. This burial clearly had powerful iconographic significance to the peoples of Cahokia. [13]