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The Philippine Immigration Act of 1940, also known as Commonwealth Act no. 613, is a law establishing the Bureau of Immigration of the Philippines and establishing the visa policy of the Philippines. [1] The law was passed on August 26, 1940 by the National Assembly of the Philippines.
US President Harry Truman signing into law the Luce–Celler Act in 1946 [1]. The Luce–Celler Act of 1946, Pub. L. No. 79-483, 60 Stat. 416, is an Act of the United States Congress which provided a quota of 100 Filipinos [2] and 100 Indians from Asia to immigrate to the United States per year, [3] which for the first time allowed these people to naturalize as American citizens.
The Philippine Immigration Act prescribes fourteen different visas grouped into two broad categories: Section 9 visas (non-immigrant visas), for temporary visits such as those for tourism, business, transit, study or employment; Section 13 visas (immigrant visas), for foreign nationals who wish to become permanent residents in the Philippines
Illegal immigration is the migration of people into a country in violation of that country's immigration laws, or the continuous residence in a country without the legal right to do so. Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, with migrants moving from poorer to richer countries. [1]
Illegal emigration is departure from a country in violation of emigration laws. Countries often seek to regulate who departs a country for diverse reasons, such as stopping criminals from leaving, preventing labor shortages and capital flight , and averting brain drain .
The history of Philippine labor migration policies can be traced as far back as 1521, when the Filipino natives started to man ships in the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade. Filipinos started working in the dockyards and aboard ships traveling as far as Mexico, under the mandate of Spanish colonizers.
The visa policy of the Philippines is governed by Commonwealth Act No. 613, also known as the Philippine Immigration Act, and by subsequent legislation amending it. The Act is jointly enforced by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and the Bureau of Immigration (BI).
Along with Guam and Puerto Rico, the United States acquired the Philippines from Spain following the Spanish–American War in 1898 and it became United States territory.The Jones Act of 1916 made it official policy to grant Philippines independence and the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934 laid out the timeline and process by which that would happen, with independence fully recognized in ten years.