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  2. Lottery mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics

    An alternative method of calculating the odds is to note that the probability of the first ball corresponding to one of the six chosen is 6/49; the probability of the second ball corresponding to one of the remaining five chosen is 5/48; and so on. This yields a final formula of

  3. Benford's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford's_law

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...

  4. Probabilistic numerics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_numerics

    Bayesian optimization of a function (black) with Gaussian processes (purple). Three acquisition functions (blue) are shown at the bottom. [19]Probabilistic numerics have also been studied for mathematical optimization, which consist of finding the minimum or maximum of some objective function given (possibly noisy or indirect) evaluations of that function at a set of points.

  5. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    The host always reveals a goat and always offers a switch. If and only if he has a choice, he chooses the leftmost goat with probability p (which may depend on the player's initial choice) and the rightmost door with probability q = 1 − p. [38] [34] If the host opens the rightmost ( P=1/3 + q/3 ) door, switching wins with probability 1/(1+q).

  6. Probabilistic number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_number_theory

    In mathematics, Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which explicitly uses probability to answer questions about the integers and integer-valued functions. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a ...

  7. Algebra of random variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_random_variables

    The measurable space and the probability measure arise from the random variables and expectations by means of well-known representation theorems of analysis. One of the important features of the algebraic approach is that apparently infinite-dimensional probability distributions are not harder to formalize than finite-dimensional ones.

  8. AbbVie (ABBV) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/abbvie-abbv-q4-2024-earnings...

    Image source: The Motley Fool. AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Jan 31, 2025, 9:00 a.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call ...

  9. Balls into bins problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balls_into_bins_problem

    The efficiency of accessing a key depends on the length of its list. If we use a single hash function which selects locations with uniform probability, with high probability the longest chain has (⁡ ⁡ ⁡) keys. A possible improvement is to use two hash functions, and put each new key in the shorter of the two lists.