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  2. Phase (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(waves)

    If the shift in is expressed as a fraction of the period, and then scaled to an angle spanning a whole turn, one gets the phase shift, phase offset, or phase difference of relative to . If F {\displaystyle F} is a "canonical" function for a class of signals, like sin ⁡ ( t ) {\displaystyle \sin(t)} is for all sinusoidal signals, then φ ...

  3. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    The linear combination, or harmonic addition, of sine and cosine waves is equivalent to a single sine wave with a phase shift and scaled amplitude, [33] [34] a cos ⁡ x + b sin ⁡ x = c cos ⁡ ( x + φ ) {\displaystyle a\cos x+b\sin x=c\cos(x+\varphi )}

  4. Sinc function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc_function

    The sinc function as audio, at 2000 Hz (±1.5 seconds around zero) In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for x ≠ 0 by ⁡ = ⁡.. Alternatively, the unnormalized sinc function is often called the sampling function, indicated as Sa(x).

  5. In-phase and quadrature components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-phase_and_quadrature...

    The input sinusoidal voltage is usually defined to have zero phase, meaning that it is arbitrarily chosen as a convenient time reference. So the phase difference is attributed to the current function, e.g. sin(2 π ft + φ), whose orthogonal components are sin(2 π ft) cos(φ) and sin(2 π ft + π /2) sin(φ), as we have seen.

  6. Sine wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave

    A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics , as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion ; as rotation , it corresponds to uniform circular motion .

  7. Phase-shift oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_oscillator

    A phase-shift oscillator is a linear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a sine wave output. It consists of an inverting amplifier element such as a transistor or op amp with its output fed back to its input through a phase-shift network consisting of resistors and capacitors in a ladder network .

  8. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...

  9. Fourier series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series

    Here, sinh is the hyperbolic sine function. ... is the amplitude and is the phase shift of the harmonic. The equivalence of Eq.4 and Eq.1 follows from the ...