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Each posterior communicating artery is situated within the interpeduncular cistern, superolateral to the pituitary gland. [2]: 450 Each are is situated upon the medial surface of the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle [1]: 477 and adjacent to the anterior perforated substance.
In the coronary circulation, the posterior descending artery (PDA), also called the posterior interventricular artery (PIV, PIA, or PIVA), is an artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the left anterior descending artery also known as the anterior interventricular artery.
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which supplies blood to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobe, thalamus, and midbrain [5] Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery , while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the ...
This occurs when plaques (made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances) build up over time in the walls of the arteries. Coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease are the terms used to describe narrowing of the coronary arteries. [8] As the disease progresses, plaque buildup can partially block blood flow to the heart ...
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [1] [2] It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and Latin vascula meaning vessels).
The sign has been observed in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), [4] posterior cerebral artery (PCA), [5] vertebral artery, [2] and basilar artery; [6] these have been called the dense MCA sign, dense PCA sign, dense vertebral artery sign, and dense basilar artery sign, respectively. Rarely, a hypodense artery sign can occur due to fat embolism. [7]
There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart. The word vascular, is derived from the ...
In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. [4] The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. [8]