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A humanoid robot is a robot resembling the human body in shape. The design may be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some ...
The title of timed automaton declares that the automaton changes states at a set rate, which for clocks is 1 state change every second. Clock automata only takes as input the time displayed by the previous state. The automata uses this input to produce the next state, a display of time 1 second later than the previous.
The robot’s body can sit upright and move its arms around in various directions. [2] The robot's lower body operates with three degrees of freedom while the arms utilize a four-degree-of-freedom system, possibly so the robot can perform whole-arm grasping. [3] Drums located inside of the robot produce sounds as the rest of the body moves. [2]
Before electronics, Animatronics were simply puppets made to work with clockwork. These are known today as atomata. For most of human history, It has not been possible to create a moving figure resembling an person, That was not directly puppeted by another person. In the renaissance era, the first clockwork automated humanoid figures were created.
Traditionally the robota (Hungarian robot) was the work period a serf (corvée) had to give for his lord, typically six months of the year. The origin of the word is the Old Church Slavonic rabota ' servitude ' (' work ' in contemporary Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian), which in turn comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *orbh-.
The term "android" appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons. [9] The term android was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve (1886), featuring an artificial humanoid robot named Hadaly. [3]
Technically, they are not cellular automata at all, because the underlying "space" is the continuous Euclidean plane R 2, not the discrete lattice Z 2. They have been studied by Marcus Pivato. [24] Lenia is a family of continuous cellular automata created by Bert Wang-Chak Chan. The space, time and states of the Game of Life are generalized to ...
"Personoids do not need any human-like physical body; they are rather an abstraction of functions of human mind, they live in computers." The Stepford Wives (1972) by Ira Levin – "The masculine plot to replace women with perfect looking, obedient robot replicas" Setaur, Aniel and Terminus in Tales of Pirx the Pilot by Stanisław Lem (1973)