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The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation .
The Council of Trent was held in several sessions from 1545 to 1563. The council was convoked to help the church respond to the challenge posed by the Protestant Reformation, which had begun with Martin Luther decades earlier. The council played a large part in the revitalization of the Roman Catholic Church throughout Europe. [1]
A session of the Council of Trent, from an engraving. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) is considered the first pope of the Counter-Reformation, [1] and he also initiated the Council of Trent (1545–1563), tasked with institutional reform, addressing contentious issues such as corrupt bishops and priests, the sale of indulgences, and other financial ...
Examination of the Council of Trent (Latin: Examen Concilii Tridentini, 1565–73) is a large theological work of Lutheran Reformer Martin Chemnitz. The work was published in Latin as four volumes. It includes the decrees and canons of the Council of Trent analysed from a Lutheran point of view.
The Roman Catechism or Catechism of the Council of Trent is a compendium of Catholic doctrine commissioned during the Counter-Reformation by the Council of Trent, to expound doctrine and to improve the theological understanding of the clergy. It was published in 1566.
The Council of Trent also gave bishops greater power to supervise all aspects of religious life. Zealous prelates such as Milan 's Archbishop Carlo Borromeo (1538–1584), later canonized as a saint, set an example by visiting the remotest parishes and instilling high standards.
The Council of Trent made a number of dogmatic definitions about the sacraments and other beliefs and practices of the church, such as the following: Transubstantiation [28] Purgatory [29] Seal ("secret") of the sacrament of Confession is inviolable [30] Polygamy is a sin [31]
In 1566, by order of the Pope Pius V and the Council of Trent and with assistance of Muzio Calini, Archbishop of Zara, Egidio Foscarari, Bishop of Modena, he helped Leonardo Marini , Archbishop of Lanciano, to compose the famous Roman Catechism: Catechismus Romanus vulgo dictus ex decreto Concilii Tridentini compositus et Pii V jussu editus.