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For many languages which have become extinct in recent centuries, attestation of usage is datable in the historical record, and sometimes the terminal speaker is identifiable. In other cases, historians and historical linguists may infer an estimated date of extinction from other events in the history of the sprachraum .
Languages which became extinct before 1950 are the purview of Linguist List and are being gradually removed from Ethnologue; they are listed as an addendum to this page. There are 48 unclassified languages in the 25th edition of Ethnologue published in 2022.
Lists of endangered languages are mainly based on the definitions used by UNESCO. In order to be listed, a language must be classified as " endangered " in a cited academic source. Researchers have concluded that in less than one hundred years, almost half of the languages known today will be lost forever. [ 1 ]
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. [1] Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language".
Languages in Danger categories: This is a list of lists of extinct languages. By group. By continent. List of extinct languages of Africa; List of extinct languages ...
Number of living languages Number of speakers Established Immigrant Total Percent [note 1] Total Mean Median Papua New Guinea: 840 0 840 11.81 4,213,381 5,040 1,315 Indonesia: 707 2 709 9.98 222,191,197 315,165 3,500 Nigeria: 525 7 524 7.37 163,317,444 348,225 14,000 India: 453 6 459 ? 1,257,421,714 2,924,237 35,000 China (mainland only) 302 3 305
This is a list of languages by total number of speakers. It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect . For example, Chinese and Arabic are sometimes considered single languages, but each includes several mutually unintelligible varieties , and so they are sometimes considered language families instead.
Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Region Ethnic group(s) Aeolic Greek: Indo-European: 300 BC [citation needed] Aeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, Thessaly: Aeolians: Aequian: Indo-European: 200s BC [1] East-central Italy: Aequi: Akkala Sámi: Uralic: 29 December 2003 [2] Southwest Kola Peninsula: Akkala Sámi: Alavese: Basque (language isolate ...