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The history of lobbying in the United States is a chronicle of the rise of paid advocacy generally by special interests seeking favor in lawmaking bodies such as the United States Congress. Lobbying has usually been understood as activity by paid professionals to try to influence key legislators and executives, which is different from the right ...
Lobbying depends on cultivating personal relationships over many years. Photo: Lobbyist Tony Podesta (left) with former Senator Kay Hagan (center) and her husband.. Generally, lobbyists focus on trying to persuade decision-makers: Congress, executive branch agencies such as the Treasury Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission, [16] the Supreme Court, [17] and state governments ...
The National Education Association (NEA) is the largest labor union in the United States. [2] It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities , retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers.
In states that have codified constitutions, like the US, however, advocacy group influence is much more significant. For example, in 1954 the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) lobbied against the Topeka Board of education, arguing that segregation of education based on race was unconstitutional. As a result of ...
Education, once solely a state and local issue, now sees significant amounts of oversight and funding on the elementary and secondary levels from the federal government. [1] This trend started slowly in the Civil War era, but increased precipitously during and following World War II, and has continued to the present day.
The many strategies foreign governments have used to shape American policy in their favor.
The executive branch of the government also lobbies Congress (the federal government's legislative branch) to influence the passing of treaties. As an example, in 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton lobbied Congress in an attempt to "save one of President Obama’s few foreign policy victories: an arms-control treaty with Russia".
Politics and lobbying play a significant part in the history of U.S. for-profit school growth. [28] [29] The for-profit education industry has spent more than $40 million on lobbying from 2007 to 2012. [30] and $36 million since 2010. [31] For-profit education lobbying grew from $83,000 in 1990 to approximately $4.5 million in its peak year of ...