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Calcium citrate malate is a water-soluble calcium supplement. It is the calcium salt of citric acid and malic acid with variable composition. Calcium citrate malate's bioavailability stems from its water-solubility and its method of dissolution. When dissolved, it releases calcium ions and a calcium citrate complex.
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a term for refined wood pulp and is used as a texturizer, an anti-caking agent, a fat substitute, an emulsifier, an extender, and a bulking agent in food production. [1] The most common form is used in vitamin supplements or tablets.
The review indicated that herbal products are better than artificial saliva in alleviating symptoms of radiation-induced xerostomia, while oral spray presentation and saliva substitutes containing 3% citric acid provide longer-lasting relief for drug-induced xerostomia. The selection and combination of saliva substitutes should be tailored to ...
The structures of solid magnesium citrates have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.In the 1:1 salt, only one carboxylate of citrate is deprotonated. It has the formula Mg(H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7) 2 The other form of magnesium citrate has the formula Mg(HC 6 H 5 O 7)(H 2 O) 2, consisting of the citrate dianion (both carboxylic acids are deprotonated). [1]
The ratio of esterified to non-esterified galacturonic acid determines the behaviour of pectin in food applications – HM-pectins can form a gel under acidic conditions in the presence of high sugar concentrations, while LM-pectins form gels by interaction with divalent cations, particularly Ca 2+, according to the idealized 'egg box' model ...
Methyl cellulose is occasionally added to hair shampoos, tooth pastes and liquid soaps, to generate their characteristic thick consistency. This is also done for foods, for example ice cream [5] or croquette. Methyl cellulose is also an important emulsifier, preventing the separation of two mixed liquids because it is an emulsion stabilizer.
Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid is a triprotic acid , with pK a values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 3.128, 4.761, and 6.396 at 25 °C. [ 21 ]
In general, β-1,3 linkages are created by 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, and β-1,4 linkages are created by cellulose synthase. The process leading to β-1,6 linkages is poorly understood: although genes important in the process have been identified, not much is known about what each of them do.