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This is because validation leads to private acceptance, whereas comparison processes result in direct influence as members publicly comply. [citation needed] Generally, validation is a long process, so the effects of a minority are somewhat slower to emerge and identify.
A power strategy that ultimately leads to private acceptance and long-lasting change (for example, information power) may be difficult to implement, and consume considerable time and energy. In the short term, complete reliance on information power might even be dangerous (for example, telling a small child not to run into the street unattended).
There are three processes of attitude change as defined by Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman in a 1958 paper published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution. [1] The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief).
In turn, conversion, otherwise known as private acceptance or "true conformity", involves both publicly and privately agreeing with the group's decision. In the case of private acceptance, the person conforms to the group by changing their beliefs and attitudes. Thus, this represents a true change of opinion to match the majority. [24]
This fact often leads to people exhibiting public compliance—but not necessarily private acceptance—of the group's social norms in order to be accepted by the group. [5] Social norms refers to the unwritten rules that govern social behavior. [6] These are customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a culture. [6]
The journal is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor is 3.605, ranking it 6 out of 63 journals in the category "Psychology, Social". [1]
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Personality and Individual Differences is a peer-reviewed academic journal published 16 times per year by Elsevier. It was established in 1980 by Pergamon Press and is the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences.