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Structurally, myosin light chains belong to the EF-hand family, a large family of Ca 2+ - binding proteins. MLCs contain two Ca 2+ - binding EF-hand motifs. MLCs isoforms modulate the Ca 2+ of force transduction and cross-bridge kinetics. Myosin light chains (MLCs) can be broadly classified into two groups: Essential or alkali MLC (MLC1 or ELC),
AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal antibody free light chains. The abnormal light chains are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, and, although AL amyloidosis can occur without diagnosis of another disorder, it is often associated with other plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [6]
IgD and IgE myeloma are very rare. In addition, light and or heavy chains (the building blocks of antibodies) may be secreted in isolation: κ- or λ-light chains or any of the five types of heavy chains (α-, γ-, δ-, ε- or μ-heavy chains). People without evidence of a monoclonal protein may have "nonsecretory" myeloma (not producing ...
Abnormal free light chain production has also been reported to be prognostic of a worse outcome in multiple myeloma [36] [37] [38] and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. [39] An abnormal light-chain ratio has been defined as a kappa to lambda chain ratio of less than 0.26 or more than 1.65. [32]
Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma. It is sometimes considered equivalent to plasma cell dyscrasia.
Atoms in the heavy chain are colored pink (on the left-hand side); atoms in the light chains are colored faded-orange and faded-yellow (also on the left-hand side). Myosins ( / ˈ m aɪ ə s ɪ n , - oʊ -/ [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ) are a family of motor proteins (though most often protein complexes) best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in ...
Myosin light chain 6B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL6B gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein . It is composed of two heavy chains , two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains , and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains.
Light meromyosin has a long, straight portion in the “tail” region. Heavy meromyosin (HMM) is a protein chain terminating in a globular head portion/cross bridge. [3] HMM consists of two subunits, Heavy Meromyosin Subunit 1 and 2 (HMMS-1 and HMMS-2). The majority of myosin activity is concentrated in HMMS-1.