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The Manchus (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ, Möllendorff: manju; Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: Mǎnzú; Wade–Giles: Man 3-tsu 2) [b] are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.
Edward Rhoads asserted that the Manchu ethnic group was synonymous with the Eight Banners from the Boxer Rebellion until the People's Republic of China recognised the Manchu ethnic group. [ 70 ] When the Communist Party was creating new classifications for ethnic minorities in the 1950s, all members of the Eight Banners could opt to join the ...
Ethnic minority autonomous areas receive additional state subsidies. [4] [5] Languages of officially recognized minorities are used in official government documents. [6] [non-primary source needed] Soon after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, 39 ethnic groups were recognized by the first national census in 1954.
Tungusic peoples are an ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are native to Siberia , China , and Mongolia . The Tungusic language family is divided into two main branches, Northern ( Ewenic – Udegheic ) and Southern Tungusic ( Jurchenic – Nanaic ).
Jurchen (Manchu: ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ, romanized: Jušen, ; Chinese: 女真, romanized: Nǚzhēn, [nỳ.ʈʂə́n]) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking people. [a] They lived in northeastern China, also known as Manchuria, before the 18th century.
Despite the uprisings targeting a Manchu-dominated regime, Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren and Huang Xing unanimously advocated racial integration, which was symbolized by the five-color flag. [11] They promoted a view of the non-Han ethnicities as also being Chinese, despite their being a relatively small percentage of the population. [12]
Select groups of Han Chinese bannermen were mass transferred into Manchu Banners by the Qing, changing their ethnicity from Han Chinese to Manchu. Han Chinese bannermen of Tai Nikan (watchpost Han) and Fusi Nikan (Fushun Han) [3] backgrounds into the Manchu banners in 1740 by order of the Qing Qianlong emperor. [4]
Thereafter, ethnic identity grew greatly in importance, and the Banner people had to decide whether to identify as Manchu, Han Chinese, or Mongol. Many of Mongol or Han Chinese ethnic origin opted to be classified as Manchu, especially in northern China, and the descendants of the Bannermen were generally called Manzu ("Manchu ethnic group ...