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The Manchus (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ, Möllendorff: manju; Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: Mǎnzú; Wade–Giles: Man 3-tsu 2) [b] are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.
However, the banner/civilian dichotomy defined people's primary identity, instead of the Manchu/Han ethnic distinction. [65] The Manchus were referred to most often as qiren (旗人; bannermen), Manren (滿人), or Manzhouren (滿洲人), which were not ethnic terms, while the word "Manzu", which indicated Manchu as an ethnicity, was generally ...
Ethnic Han generals who defected to the Qing were often given women from the imperial Aisin Gioro family in marriage while the ordinary soldiers who defected were given non-royal Manchu women as wives. The Qing differentiated between Han bannermen and ordinary Han civilians.
Select groups of Han Chinese bannermen were mass transferred into Manchu Banners by the Qing, changing their ethnicity from Han Chinese to Manchu. Han Chinese bannermen of Tai Nikan (watchpost Han) and Fusi Nikan (Fushun Han) [3] backgrounds into the Manchu banners in 1740 by order of the Qing Qianlong emperor. [4]
Most of the Manchu clans took on their Han surnames after the demise of the Qing dynasty.Several clans took on Han identity as early as in the Ming dynasty period. The surnames were derived from the Chinese meaning of their original clan name, Chinese transliteration of the clan's name, the possessed territories, generation and personal names of the clansmen and also inspired by the surnames ...
Tungusic peoples are an ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are native to Siberia , China , and Mongolia . The Tungusic language family is divided into two main branches, Northern ( Ewenic – Udegheic ) and Southern Tungusic ( Jurchenic – Nanaic ).
The Manchu people gradually absorbed the Han culture. With the deep communication between the Manchu and Han nationalities, and mutual marriage, the change of Manchu identity became more and more pronounced. [3] The primary manifestation of this change is shown in the way of production, especially in the management of land.
Hong Taiji believed that intermarriage between Han Chinese and Manchus could help to eliminate ethnic conflicts in areas already occupied by the Manchus, as well as help the Han Chinese forget their ancestral roots more easily. [23] Manchu noblewomen were also married to Han Chinese men who surrendered or defected to the Manchu side. [24]