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Antipsychotics have been reported to cause hyponatremia in a review of medical articles from 1946 to 2016. [25] Available evidence suggests that all classes of psychotropics, i.e., antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and sedative/hypnotics can lead to hyponatremia. Age is a significant factor for drug induced hyponatremia. [26]
Patients with severe or life-threatening hyponatremia complications (typically those with a rapid drop in blood sodium, and/or those with certain other risk factors such as recent brain injury or ...
A subsequent paper from the group at Yale attributed hyponatremia in neurologic disease to SIADH. [24] In 1952, Welt et al, described another six patients with cerebral lesions exhibiting severe clinical dehydration, hyponatremia, a negative sodium balance, but no potassium retention.
Common causes in pediatric patients may be diarrheal illness, frequent feedings with dilute formula, water intoxication via excessive consumption, and enemas. [3] Pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood.
Tea and toast syndrome is a form of malnutrition commonly experienced by elderly people who cannot prepare meals and tend to themselves. The term is not intrinsic to tea or bread products only; rather, it describes limited dietary patterns that lead to reduced calories resulting in a deficiency of vitamins and other nutrients.
Myxedema coma is an extreme or decompensated form of hypothyroidism and while uncommon, is potentially lethal. [1] [2] [3] A person may have laboratory values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (such as an infection, myocardial infarction, or stroke) precipitates the myxedema coma state, usually in the elderly.
V 2 R antagonists have become a mainstay of treatment for euvolemic (i.e., SIADH, postoperative hyponatremia) and hypervolemic hyponatremia (i.e., CHF and cirrhosis). [9] V 2 RAs predictably cause aquaresis leading to increased [Na +] in majority of patients with hyponatremia due to SIADH, CHF, and cirrhosis. The optimum use of VRAs has not yet ...
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [1] The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes used. [2] When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
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