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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy is an American National Standard published by ASHRAE that establishes the ranges of indoor environmental conditions to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for occupants of buildings. It was first published in 1966, and since 2004 has been updated every three to six years.
The air temperature is the average temperature of the air surrounding the occupant, with respect to location and time. According to ASHRAE 55 standard, the spatial average takes into account the ankle, waist and head levels, which vary for seated or standing occupants.
The first of the cooling load factors used in this method is the CLTD, or the Cooling Load Temperature Difference. This factor is used to represent the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air with the inclusion of the heating effects of solar radiation. [1] [5] The second factor is the CLF, or the cooling load factor.
Sol-air temperature (T sol-air) is a variable used to calculate cooling load of a building and determine the total heat gain through exterior surfaces. It is an improvement over: It is an improvement over:
Since a 1 °C temperature change and a 1 K change in absolute temperature are the same, these cancel and no conversion is required. Example: For a typical New York City winter day with high of 40 °F and low of 30 °F, the average temperature is likely to be around 35 °F. For such a day we can approximate the HDD as (65 − 35) = 30.
The building balance point temperature is the outdoor air temperature when the heat gains of the building are equal to the heat losses. [1] Internal heat sources due to electric lighting, mechanical equipment, body heat, and solar radiation may offset the need for additional heating although the outdoor temperature may be below the thermostat set-point temperature.
Installed faced fiberglass batt insulation with its R-value visible (R-21) [1]. The R-value is a measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier, such as a layer of insulation, a window or a complete wall or ceiling, resists the conductive [2] flow of heat, in the context of construction. [3]
Mean radiant temperature has been both qualitatively defined and quantitatively evaluated for both indoor and outdoor environments. [1] [2] [3] MRT has been defined as the uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which the radiant heat transfer from the human body is equal to the radiant heat transfer in the actual non-uniform enclosure ...