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Coal tar is produced through thermal destruction of coal.Its composition varies with the process and type of coal used – lignite, bituminous or anthracite. [13]Coal tar is a mixture of approximately 10,000 chemicals, of which only about 50% have been identified.
The production of coke from coal produces ammonia, coal tar, and gaseous compounds as byproducts which if discharged to land, air or waterways can pollute the environment. [152] The Whyalla steelworks is one example of a coke producing facility where liquid ammonia was discharged to the marine environment.
One can produce a tar-like substance from corn stalks by heating them in a microwave oven. This process is known as pyrolysis. Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat. [1]
Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, [1] or plants. Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt , while plant-derived pitch, a resin , is known as rosin in its solid form.
Worker at carbon black plant, 1942. Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air.
Bituminous coal. Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. It is typically hard but friable.
Widespread isolation of phenol from coal tar, made its nitration more economical, generally the path of the synthesis flowed: coal tar → nitrobenzene → aniline → dyes. [13] According to Henry Perkin himself "This industry holds an unique position in the history of chemical industries, as it was entirely the outcome of scientific research."
The decline of coke making in the US leads to a coal tar crisis since coal tar pitch is vital for the production of carbon electrodes for EAF/aluminium. US now has to import coal tar from China; Development of process to make methanol via hydrogenation of CO/H 2 mixtures. Mobil M-gas process for making petrol from methanol