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In political science, the waves of democracy or waves of democratization are major surges of democracy that have occurred in history. Although the term appears at least as early as 1887, [1] it was popularized by Samuel P. Huntington, a political scientist at Harvard University, in his article published in the Journal of Democracy and further expounded in his 1991 book, The Third Wave ...
A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
The three waves of democracy identified by Samuel P. Huntington. A wave of democratization refers to a major surge of democracy in history. And Samuel P. Huntington identified three waves of democratization that have taken place in history. [6] The first one brought democracy to Western Europe and Northern America in the 19th century.
The political history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders. Throughout history , political systems have expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and totalitarian systems that ...
"History is past politics and politics present history" was the motto of the first generation of American political scientists, 1882–1900. The motto had been coined by the Oxford professor Edward Augustus Freeman , and was enshrined on the wall of the seminar room at Johns Hopkins University where the first large-scale training of America and ...
During the third wave of democratization in the late twentieth century, many new, weakly institutionalized democracies were established; these regimes have been most vulnerable to democratic backsliding. [33] [30] The third wave of autocratization has been ongoing since 2010, when the number of liberal democracies was at an all-time high. [34] [35]
The first wave of feminism came about during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Women wanted the same opportunities as men, most notably -- the right to vote. Women wanted the same opportunities ...
The very first trade unions and consumers' cooperative societies also emerged in the hinterland of the Chartist movement as a way of bolstering the fight for these demands. [14] The Chartists were part of a Europe-wide wave of agitation for social reform and democratic rule, which peaked in the Revolutions of 1848.