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The claim that political positions can be located on a chart with two axes: left–right and tough–tender (authoritarian-libertarian) was put forward by the British psychologist Hans Eysenck in his 1954 book The Psychology of Politics with statistical evidence based on survey data. [1]
The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions, ideologies and parties, with emphasis placed upon issues of social equality and social hierarchy. In addition to positions on the left and on the right, there are centrist and moderate positions, which are not strongly aligned with either end of the spectrum.
A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions. [ 1 ] The expressions political compass and political map are used to refer to the political spectrum as well, especially to ...
The Political Compass is a website soliciting responses to a set of 62 propositions in order to rate political ideology in a spectrum with two axes: one about economic policy (left – right) and another about social policy (authoritarian – libertarian). [1]
Proponents of horseshoe theory argue that the far-left and the far-right are closer to each other than either is to the political center. In popular discourse, the horseshoe theory asserts that advocates of the far-left and the far-right, rather than being at opposite and opposing ends of a linear continuum of the political spectrum, closely resemble each other, analogous to the way that the ...
As in the graph above, each unique color represents a particular Supreme Court seat. The black lines represent the leanings of the chief justices, and the yellow line represents the median justice. These two graphs differ because of the choices of data sources, data coverage, coding of complicated cases, smoothing parameters, and statistical ...
In the early 1990s Overton described a spectrum from "more free" to "less free" with regard to government intervention, oriented vertically on an axis, to avoid comparison with the left/right political spectrum. [5] As the spectrum moves or expands, an idea at a given location may become more or less politically acceptable.
Political ideology in the United States is usually described with the left–right spectrum. Liberalism is the predominant left-leaning ideology and conservatism is the predominant right-leaning ideology. [ 96 ][ 97 ] Those who hold beliefs between liberalism and conservatism or a mix of beliefs on this scale are called moderates.