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Shoulder problems, including pain, are common [20] and can relate to any of the structures within the shoulder. [21] The primary cause of shoulder pain is a rotator cuff tear. [20] The supraspinatus is most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear, [22] but other parts of the rotator cuff may also be involved.
The shoulder joint is a muscle-dependent joint as it lacks strong ligaments. The primary stabilizers of the shoulder include the biceps brachii on the anterior side of the arm, and tendons of the rotator cuff; which are fused to all sides of the capsule except the inferior margin. [5]
A common cause of shoulder pain in rotator cuff impingement syndrome is tendinosis, which is an age-related and most often self-limiting condition. [ 14 ] Studies show that there is moderate evidence that hypothermia (cold therapy) and exercise therapy used together are more effective than simply waiting for surgery and they suggest the best ...
The axilla (pl.: axillae or axillas; also known as the armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint.It includes the axillary space, an anatomical space within the shoulder girdle between the arm and the thoracic cage, bounded superiorly by the imaginary plane between the superior borders of the first rib, clavicle and scapula (above which are ...
The shoulder joint is made up of three bones: the shoulder blade (scapula), the collarbone (clavicle) and the upper arm bone (humerus). The acromion is a bony process at the end of the scapula The shoulder is a complex mechanism involving bones, ligaments , joints , muscles , and tendons .
The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans, it consists of the clavicle and scapula ; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid .
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The teres minor (Latin teres meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff.The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule.