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[2] [3] [6] Vitamin K can be delivered into the body via the oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous routes of administration. [7] Vitamin K can influence bone health, coagulation, and insulin sensitivity, but it can also be effected by bariatric surgery which can result in vitamin K deficiency.
Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, [7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice. [7]
Because of the risk of small-bowel lesions, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires some potassium salts containing more than 99 mg (about 1.3 mEq) to be labeled with a warning, [14] while recommending an adult daily intake of 4700 mg (about 63 mEq).
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
The term "vitamin K antagonist" is a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonise the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sense, but rather the recycling of vitamin K. Vitamin K is required for the proper production of certain proteins involved in the blood clotting process.
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
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MK-4 is the major form of Vitamin K in vertebrate animals, including humans and common forms of meat animals. It is produced via conversion of vitamin K 1 in the body, specifically in the testes, pancreas and arterial walls. [2] The conversion is not dependent on gut bacteria, occurring in germ-free rats [3] [4] and in parenterally-administered ...