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The term is also used, even more specifically, to mean a "monochromatic" or sinusoidal plane wave: a travelling plane wave whose profile () is a sinusoidal function. That is, (,) = (() +) The parameter , which may be a scalar or a vector, is called the amplitude of the wave; the scalar coefficient is its "spatial frequency"; and the scalar is its "phase shift".
A plane wave is an important mathematical idealization where the disturbance is identical along any (infinite) plane normal to a specific direction of travel. Mathematically, the simplest wave is a sinusoidal plane wave in which at any point the field experiences simple harmonic motion at one frequency.
In addition, E and B are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation, and are in phase with each other. A sinusoidal plane wave is one special solution of these equations. Maxwell's equations explain how these waves can physically propagate through space.
The plane wave spectrum representation of a general electromagnetic field (e.g., a spherical wave) in the equation is the basic foundation of Fourier optics (this point cannot be emphasized strongly enough), because at z = 0, the equation simply becomes a Fourier transform (FT) relationship between the field and its plane wave contents (hence ...
In physics, the plane-wave expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves: = = (+) (^ ^), where . i is the imaginary unit,; k is a wave vector of length k,
The angular spectrum method is a technique for modeling the propagation of a wave field.This technique involves expanding a complex wave field into a summation of infinite number of plane waves of the same frequency and different directions.
The plane waves being considered can be described by (,) = = (), where A is the amplitude of the wave, A 0 = A(0, 0), x is a position along the wave's direction of travel, and; t is the time at which the wave is described.
The wavefronts of a traveling plane wave in three-dimensional space. In mathematics and physics , a traveling plane wave [ 1 ] is a special case of plane wave , namely a field whose evolution in time can be described as simple translation of its values at a constant wave speed c {\displaystyle c} , along a fixed direction of propagation n → ...