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Treatment for sigmoid volvulus may include sigmoidoscopy. If the mucosa of the sigmoid looks normal and pink, a rectal tube for decompression may be placed, and any fluid, electrolyte, cardiac, kidney or pulmonary abnormalities should be corrected. The affected person should then be taken to the operating room for surgical repair.
Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction [ 1 ] and constipation . It is common in Asia, India (7% of intestinal obstruction ) and especially South India because of the high fibre diet.
It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.). Currently, its use is limited to emergency surgery when immediate anastomosis is not possible, or more rarely it is used palliatively in patients with colorectal tumours.
An ileosigmoid knot or compound volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal blockage. [1] The condition arises when ileum loops wrap around the bottom of a redundant sigmoid loop. [ 2 ] In some countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the ileosigmoid knot is a well-known ailment; this condition is uncommon in the West.
Diverticulosis often occurs in the sigmoid colon in association with increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in the colonic wall. It is a common cause of hematochezia. Volvulus occurs when a portion of the bowel twists around its mesentery, which can lead to obstruction and infarction. Volvulus in the elderly commonly occurs in the ...
Prompt surgical treatment is necessary for intestinal malrotation when volvulus has occurred: [citation needed] First, the patient is resuscitated with fluids to stabilize them for surgery; The volvulus is corrected (counterclockwise rotation of the bowel), The fibrous Ladd's bands over the duodenum are cut,
Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery with segmental resection may be considered.
Volvulus [24] Sigmoid colon volvulus: Abdominal pain (>2 days, distention, constipation) Cecal volvulus: Abdominal pain (acute onset), nausea, vomiting Clinical (history and physical exam) Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT) Sigmoid: Gastroenterology consultation (flexibile sigmoidoscopy) Cecal: General surgery consultation (right hemicolectomy)