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The American lion (Panthera atrox (/ ˈ p æ n θ ər ə ˈ æ t r ɒ k s /), with the species name meaning "savage" or "cruel", also called the North American lion) is an extinct pantherine cat native to North America during the Late Pleistocene from around 130,000 to 12,800 years ago.
The history of lions in Europe is part of the wider history of the lion species complex. The rediscovery and confirmation of their presence in Europe, already known by myths, historical accounts and ancient art, was made possible by the finds of fossils of Pleistocene, Holocene and Ancient lions excavated in Europe since the early 19th century.
Early members of the cave lion lineage assigned to Panthera fossilis during the Middle Pleistocene were considerably larger than individuals of P. spelaea from the Last Glacial Period and modern lions, with some of these individuals having an estimated length of 2.5–2.9 metres (8.2–9.5 ft), shoulder height of 1.4–1.5 metres (4.6–4.9 ft ...
The lion (Panthera leo) is a large cat of the genus Panthera, ... P. fossilis was larger than the modern lion and lived in the Middle Pleistocene. Bone fragments were ...
Following the arrival of Panthera (spelaea) fossilis the lion-sized sabertooth cat Homotherium and the "European jaguar" Panthera gombaszoegensis became much rarer, [12] ultimately becoming extinct in the late Middle Pleistocene, with competition with lions suggested to be a likely important factor.
For most of its history, the British Isles were part of the main continent of Eurasia, linked by the region now known as Doggerland.Throughout the Pleistocene the climate alternated between cold glacial periods, including times when the climate was too cold to support much fauna, and temperate interglacials when a much larger fauna was present.
Thylacoleo ("pouch lion") is an extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials that lived in Australia from the late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene (until around 40,000 years ago), often known as marsupial lions. They were the largest and last members of the family Thylacoleonidae, occupying the position of apex predator within Australian ecosystems.
Leopards arrived later in the Early Pleistocene [16] or the Middle Pleistocene, [1] and the large lion Panthera fossilis in the Middle Pleistocene. [1] The extinction of P. gombaszoegensis around 330–300,000 years ago has been suggested to have been as a result of competition with lions. [15]