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The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act 1773. It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India 's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861 .
In 1773 the Regulating Act reformed the government of East India Company-ruled Bengal, establishing the Bengal supreme council and a supreme court with Warren Hastings as the first governor-general. Impey was appointed the first chief justice of the new supreme court at Calcutta in March 1774 and knighted later that month.
The Act named four additional men to serve with the Governor-General on the Supreme Council of Bengal: Lt-Gen John Clavering, George Monson, Richard Barwell, and Philip Francis. [3] A Supreme Court was established at Fort William at Calcutta (1774). British judges were to be sent to India to administer the British legal system that was used there.
The Ṣadr Dīwānī ʿAdālat (Urdu: صدر دیوانی عدالت, Bengali: সদর দেওয়ানি আদালত) (English: Sudder Dewanny Adawlut) was the Supreme Court of Revenue in British India established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. [1] It was reformed in 1780 and again in 1793 by the British Parliament. [2]
22 October 1774 [1] – 4 November 1777 Stephen Caesar Le Maistre was a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William . Along with Justice Hyde and to some extent Impey, he argued for greatly expanding the powers of the Supreme Court.
The judges departed for Calcutta in May 1774, although Chambers persuaded the Oxford authorities to allow him to retain his professorship for a further three years, in case he did not adapt to the Indian climate. His successor was therefore not appointed until 1777, when he was knighted (on 7 June).
From 1774 (when the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was founded) till 1782 (when Bengal Judicature Act 1781 was passed), the court claimed jurisdiction over any person residing in Bengal, Bihar or Orissa. This resulted in conflict of jurisdiction with Supreme Council of Bengal.
John Hyde (14 January 1738 – 8 July 1796) was a Puisne Judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal from 1774 to his death. [2] He is the primary author of Hyde's Notebooks, a series of 74 notebooks that are a trove of information for the first years of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, the highest court in Bengal from 1774 to 1862. [3]