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  2. Moral geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_geography

    Moral geographies (a term coined by Felix Driver) are, according to David Smith (2000), the studying of human geography with a normative emphasis. The kind of questions that are examined including asking whether distance from a phenomenon lessons one's duty, whether there is a substantial difference between private spaces and public spaces and analysing which moral positions are personal ...

  3. Substantive due process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantive_due_process

    Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect substantive laws and certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if they are unenumerated elsewhere in the U.S. Constitution.

  4. Governmental theory of atonement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmental_theory_of...

    The governmental theory of the atonement (also known as the rectoral theory, or the moral government theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology concerning the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ. It teaches that Christ suffered for humanity so that God could forgive humans without punishing them while still maintaining divine justice.

  5. Rational basis review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_basis_review

    This test also applies to both legislative and executive action, whether those actions be of a substantive or procedural nature. The rational basis test prohibits the government from imposing restrictions on liberty that are irrational or arbitrary, or drawing distinctions between persons in a manner that serves no constitutionally legitimate ...

  6. Rule according to higher law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_according_to_higher_law

    The rule according to higher law is a practical approach to the implementation of the higher law theory that creates a bridge of mutual understanding (with regard to universal legal values) between the English-language doctrine of the rule of law, traditional for the countries of common law, and the originally German doctrine of Rechtsstaat ...

  7. Political ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_ethics

    Political ethics (also known as political morality or public ethics) is the practice of making moral judgments about political action and political agents. [1] It covers two areas: the ethics of process (or the ethics of office), which covers public officials and their methods, [2] [3] and the ethics of policy (or ethics and public policy), which concerns judgments surrounding policies and laws.

  8. Liberal democracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy

    Substantive democracy refers to substantive rights and substantive laws, which can include substantive equality, [2] the equality of outcome for subgroups in society. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Liberal democracy emphasizes the separation of powers, an independent judiciary , and a system of checks and balances between branches of government.

  9. Ordered liberty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_liberty

    While Grothouse did not offer a concise definition of "liberty", he emphasized the ongoing debate over its meaning and scope within the context of the Due Process Clause. The author suggested that a nuanced understanding of ordered liberty allows for recognizing new rights while remaining grounded in legal principles and respecting the balance ...