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Ferrochrome is generally classified by the amount of carbon and chrome it contains. The vast majority of FeCr produced is "charge chrome" from South Africa, with high carbon being the second largest segment followed by the smaller sectors of low carbon and intermediate carbon material.
They were also historically used for the production of low-carbon ferrochrome, but were displaced by electric methods. The most prominent example is the Pidgeon process (developed commercially in Canada during the Second World War [ 1 ] by Lloyd Montgomery Pidgeon ) for reducing magnesium metal from ores .
The Ferro Alloys produced are High Carbon Ferro Chrome, Low Carbon Ferro Chrome, Silicochrome, Silicomanganese, and Magnesium Ferrosilicon, Ferromanganese etc., These alloys are tapped from electric arc furnaces in the molten state. They are prepared to the required size from 25 mm to 150 mm and transported to the various steel companies.
Titanium is used in steelmaking for deoxidation, grain-size control, and carbon and nitrogen control and stabilization. During steelmaking, titanium is usually introduced as ferrotitanium because of its relatively low melting temperature and high density.
After a variety of mixing and melting steps to reduce the silicon content, a low-carbon alloy with less than 0.8% carbon and 1% silicon by weight can be obtained. In the oxygen refinement method, HCFM is melted and heated to a high temperature of 1,750 °C (3,180 °F). Oxygen is then blown in to oxidise the carbon into CO and CO 2. The ...
Ferrochrome JSC (Aktyube Oblast) is an example of successful industrial waste utilization and processing. This JSC has started to produce crushed stone from the scoria of high and low-carbon ferrochrome (more than 150.0 tons per year) and ferrodust (more than 4,000 tons per year) which is further used in the manufacturing of lime-and-sand brick ...
Canadian-born engineer Frederick Mark Becket (1875-1942) at Union Carbide industrialised ferritic stainless steel around 1912, on the basis of "using silicon instead of carbon as a reducing agent in metal production, thus making low-carbon ferroalloys and certain steels practical". [5]
At 800 °C, carbon easily reduces iron [nb 3] and nickel oxides, while the gangue's other oxides are not significantly reduced. Specifically, iron(II) oxide (or wustite ), which is the stable iron oxide at 800 °C, has a reducibility similar to that of nickel(II) oxide , making it impossible to reduce one without reducing the other.