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The concept and the name of gauge theory derives from the work of Hermann Weyl in 1918. [1] Weyl, in an attempt to generalize the geometrical ideas of general relativity to include electromagnetism, conjectured that Eichinvarianz or invariance under the change of scale (or "gauge") might also be a local symmetry of general relativity.
A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics. The word gauge means a measurement , a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks ), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition ). [ 1 ]
In this case, the quiver gauge theory is a four-dimensional = supersymmetric gauge theory. The quiver gauge theory in higher dimensions can be defined similarly. The quiver is particularly convenient for representing conformal gauge theory. The structure of the quiver makes it easy to check whether the theory preserves conformal symmetry.
A gauge theory of elementary particles is a very attractive potential framework for constructing the Grand Unified Theory of physics. Such a theory has the very desirable property of being potentially renormalizable—shorthand for saying that all calculational infinities encountered can be consistently absorbed into a few parameters of the ...
Gauge symmetry is an example of a local symmetry, with the symmetry described by a Lie group (which mathematically describe continuous symmetries), which in the context of gauge theory is called the gauge group of the theory. Quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics are famous examples of gauge theories.
The Coulomb gauge (also known as the transverse gauge) is used in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics and is defined by the gauge condition (more precisely, gauge fixing condition) (,) =. It is particularly useful for "semi-classical" calculations in quantum mechanics, in which the vector potential is quantized but the Coulomb ...
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Consider a generic (possibly non-Abelian) gauge transformation acting on a component field = =.The main examples in field theory have a compact gauge group and we write the symmetry operator as () = where () is an element of the Lie algebra associated with the Lie group of symmetry transformations, and can be expressed in terms of the hermitian generators of the Lie algebra (i.e. up to a ...