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The National Cholesterol Education Program is a program managed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, a division of the National Institutes of Health.Its goal is to reduce increased cardiovascular disease rates due to hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) in the United States of America.
Cholesterol is a sterol, a steroid-like lipid made by animals, including humans.The human body makes one-eighth to one-fourth teaspoons of pure cholesterol daily. A cholesterol level of 5.5 millimoles per litre or below is recommended for an adult.
The 1977 Dietary Goals for the United States were not based on a consensus among scientists and for this reason were criticized by agriculture and food manufacturing interests, and also by some scientists. [14] A second version of the report was published in 1980, with less stringent changes from the standard American diet.
Current supplemental guidelines for reducing LDL recommend doses of phytosterols in the 1.6-3.0 grams per day range (Health Canada, EFSA, ATP III, FDA) with a 2009 meta-analysis demonstrating an 8.8% reduction in LDL-cholesterol at a mean dose of 2.15 gram per day.
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) [a] of the National Academies (United States). [1] It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs, see below).
Levels of LDL or non-HDL cholesterol both predict future coronary heart disease; which is the better predictor is disputed. [39] High levels of small dense LDL may be particularly adverse, although measurement of small dense LDL is not advocated for risk prediction. [39] In the past, LDL and VLDL levels were rarely measured directly due to cost.
The decrease in cholesteryl ester can lower HDL and increase LDL, which may be an indicator of cardiovascular problems, as indicated by intervention studies. [5] Increasing HDL values has the potential to prevent mortality associated with cardiovascular risks such as atherosclerosis .
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.