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Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. [1] Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis. In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types.
Brown adipose tissue is found in almost all mammals. Classification of brown fat refers to two distinct cell populations with similar functions. The first shares a common embryological origin with muscle cells, found in larger "classic" deposits. The second develops from white adipocytes that are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
The researchers found that, much like brain cells, these other types of cells responded to the chemical signals by switching on a gene associated with memory storage.
The leptin receptor is found on a wide range of cell types. It is a single-transmembrane-domain type I cytokine receptor , [ 20 ] a special class of cytokine receptors . Further, leptin interacts with other hormones and energy regulators, indirectly mediating the effects of: insulin , glucagon , insulin-like growth factor , growth hormone ...
Mesenchyme is a type of connective tissue found in developing organs of embryos that is capable of differentiation into all types of mature connective tissue. [24] Another type of relatively undifferentiated connective tissue is the mucous connective tissue known as Wharton's jelly , found inside the umbilical cord .
In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. [8] Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent , and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to ...
Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. [5] [6] In humans, it is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene and is produced primarily in adipose tissue, but also in muscle and even in the brain.