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The C 2 symmetry of ligands limits the number of possible reaction pathways and thereby increases enantioselectivity, relative to asymmetrical analogues. C 2-symmetric ligands are a subset of chiral ligands. Chiral ligands, including C 2-symmetric ligands, combine with metals or other groups to form chiral catalysts.
However, when the same reaction is carried out in an isooctane solution, the amount of CH 3 CD 3 formed amounts to less than 0.3% of the total amount of C 2 H 6 formed. [12] [13] This demonstrated that the solvent cage effect is capable of significantly altering the results of a crossover experiment, especially on short-timescale reactions such ...
For example, a C 2 rotation followed by a σ v reflection is seen to be a σ v ' symmetry operation: σ v *C 2 = σ v '. ("Operation A followed by B to form C" is written BA = C). [8] Moreover, the set of all symmetry operations (including this composition operation) obeys all the properties of a group, given above.
The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic, as blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions, and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F). Neutral litmus paper is purple. [2]
Immunohistochemistry test; Immunomagnetic separation; Immunoperoxidase; Immunosequencing; Impalefection; In situ hybridization; In vitro; Indirect immunoperoxidase assay; Induced cell cycle arrest; Inert salt; Intravital microscopy; Inverse polymerase chain reaction; Iodine–starch test; Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry; Ion ...
[1] [2] It plays an important role in modern approaches to predicting the properties of chemical compounds, designing chemicals with a predefined set of properties and, especially, in conducting drug design studies by screening large databases containing structures of available (or potentially available) chemicals.
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Chemometrics is the science of extracting information from chemical systems by data-driven means. Chemometrics is inherently interdisciplinary, using methods frequently employed in core data-analytic disciplines such as multivariate statistics, applied mathematics, and computer science, in order to address problems in chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, biology and chemical engineering.