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Surgery on the bladder neck accounted for about ten percent of the cases of retrograde ejaculation or anejaculation reported in a literature review. [ 5 ] Retrograde ejaculation is a common side effect of medications, such as tamsulosin , [ 6 ] that are used to relax the muscles of the urinary tract, treating conditions such as benign prostatic ...
Semen samples obtained via sexual intercourse contain 70 [29] –120 [30] % more sperm, with sperm having a slightly higher [31] motility and slightly more normal [31] morphology, compared with semen samples obtained via masturbation. Sexual intercourse also generates a 25–45% [31] increase in ejaculate volume, mainly by increased prostate ...
Sperm count and morphology can be calculated by microscopy. Sperm count can also be estimated by kits that measure the amount of a sperm-associated protein, and are suitable for home use. [30] [unreliable medical source?] Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) is a catch-all phrase for automatic or semi-automatic semen analysis techniques.
This means that the sperm is produced in the testes but on its way out, it gets misdirected into the bladder rather than coming out through the urethra. This can lead to a low volume of semen (hypospermia) or no semen production . Structural or functional damage to the bladder neck muscle causes the backflow of semen during the ejaculation.
The volume of the semen sample (must be more than 1.5 ml), approximate number of total sperm cells, sperm motility/forward progression, and % of sperm with normal morphology are measured. It is possible to have hyperspermia (high volume more than 6 ml) or Hypospermia (low volume less than 0.5 ml). This is the most common type of fertility testing.
An influx of Ca 2+ produces increased intracellular cAMP levels and thus, an increase in motility. Hyperactivation coincides with the onset of capacitation and is the result of the increased Ca 2+ levels. It has a synergistic stimulatory effect with adenosine that increases adenylyl cyclase activity in the sperm. [citation needed]
Ejaculation occurs in two stages, the emission stage and the expulsion stage. [4] The emission stage involves the workings of several structures of the ejaculatory duct; contractions of the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, the bulbourethral gland and the vas deferens push fluids into the prostatic urethra. [3]
Once the egg is fertilized, abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence blastocyst development or blastocyst morphology. [6] Even with severe teratozoospermia, microscopy can still detect the few sperm cells that have a "normal" morphology, allowing for optimal success rate.