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DRC/CTB (CTB) was a publisher of educational assessment for the early learner, K–12, and adult basic education markets. [1] DRC/CTB was a division of Data Recognition Corporation (DRC) until being fully merged into DRC's Educational Services division.
Norms provided for the 1978 edition include standard scores with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, percentile scores, and grade levels. The standard scores are scaled based on the norm group; the grade levels are arbitrarily assigned and can be interpreted only as rough references to achievement level. Only standard scores should be ...
Age equivalent, grade equivalent, percentile marks and scaled scores are four of the normative scores of TOWRE - 2, however, the authors recommend to use percentile marks and scaled scores to interpret test results rather than age and grade equivalent.
The following standardized tests are designed and/or administered by state education agencies and/or local school districts in order to measure academic achievement across multiple grade levels in elementary, middle and senior high school, as well as for high school graduation examinations to measure proficiency for high school graduation.
(The latter score is doubled so as to compensate for the larger number of items on the first subtest.) Part way through the first passage in the Comprehension subtest, reading rate is also assessed. The primary uses of the Nelson–Denny are as a screening test for reading problems , as a predictor of academic success, and as a measure of ...
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
The top grade, A, is given here for performance that exceeds the mean by more than 1.5 standard deviations, a B for performance between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, and so on. [17] Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade.
With a norm-referenced test, grade level was traditionally set at the level set by the middle 50 percent of scores. [10] By contrast, the National Children's Reading Foundation believes that it is essential to assure that virtually all children read at or above grade level by third grade, a goal which cannot be achieved with a norm-referenced ...