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The occipital bun pointed out on a Neanderthal skull. The occipital bun is a protuberance of the occipital bone. Its size and shape has been compared to that of a dinner roll. It is a quintessential trait of Neanderthals, though it is a trend in archaic Homo species. The true purpose of the occipital bun has not yet been defined. [3]
The treatment involves the use of mild electrical impulses to stimulate the greater occipital nerve and lesser occipital nerve [1] which are part of the peripheral nervous system and are located at the back of the head just above the neck area.
Occipital neuralgia is caused by damage to the occipital nerves, which can arise from trauma (usually concussive or cervical), physical stress on the nerve, repetitive neck contraction, flexion or extension, and/or as a result of medical complications (such as osteochondroma, a benign bone tumour).
Spinal manipulative therapy and physiotherapy exercises have been used in those with uncomplicated neck-tongue syndrome, resulting in improvements in symptoms. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Other methods of symptom management have included: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , gabapentin , steroid injections and cervical collars .
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) describes a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain.The posterior circulation supplies the medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum and (in 70-80% of people) supplies the posterior cerebellar artery to the thalamus and occipital cortex. [1]
Near the middle of the squamous part of occipital bone is the external occipital protuberance, the highest point of which is referred to as the inion. The inion is the most prominent projection of the protuberance which is located at the posterioinferior (rear lower) part of the human skull. The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it.
Craniocervical instability (CCI) is a medical condition characterized by excessive movement of the vertebra at the atlanto-occipital joint and the atlanto-axial joint located between the skull and the top two vertebra, known as C1 and C2.
An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone. [1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion.