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He invented the term haiku (replacing hokku) to refer to the freestanding 5–7–5 form which he considered the most artistic and desirable part of the haikai no renga. [ 42 ] Basho was illustrated in one of Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 's ukiyo-e woodblock prints from the One Hundred Aspects of the Moon collection, c. 1885-1892. [ 44 ]
Haiku (俳句, listen ⓘ) is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 morae (called on in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; [1] that include a kireji, or "cutting word"; [2] and a kigo, or seasonal reference.
A monument containing a haiku by Shiki, in front of Matsuyama Station. Shiki may be credited with salvaging traditional short-form Japanese poetry and carving out a niche for it in the modern Meiji period. [38] While he advocated reform of haiku, this reform was based on the idea that haiku was a legitimate literary genre. [39]
Haibun is no longer confined to Japan, and has established itself as a genre in world literature [6] [7] that has gained momentum in recent years. [8]In the Haiku Society of America 25th anniversary book of its history, A Haiku Path, Elizabeth Lamb noted that the first English-language haibun, titled "Paris," was published in 1964 by Canadian writer Jack Cain. [9]
In the late Meiji period, the poet and literary critic Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) first used the term haiku for the modern, standalone verses of haikai that Bashō had popularized. Until then, haiku had been called hokku , a term which refers to the first verse in a renga sequence.
Comparing Kikaku's paired haiku in 'The Rustic Haiku Contest', Bashō remarked of one that "these are artifices within a work of art; too much craft has been expended here". [6] One day, Kikaku composed a haiku, Red dragonfly / break off its wings / Sour cherry. which Bashō changed to, Sour cherry / add wings to it / Red dragonfly;
With ties from his former life severed, and without any material possessions, he began to write haiku in earnest. His only book, Daikū (大空, Big Sky), contains poems of his solitary final years, and was selected by Ogiwara Seisensui from the over 4,000 haiku composed by Ozaki between 1916 and 1926. The collection was published posthumously ...
Kobayashi Issa (小林 一茶, June 15, 1763 – January 5, 1828) [1] was a Japanese poet and lay Buddhist priest of the Jōdo Shinshū.He is known for his haiku poems and journals.