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  2. Cholecystostomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystostomy

    Cholecystostomy or (cholecystotomy) is a medical procedure used to drain the gallbladder through either a percutaneous or endoscopic approach. The procedure involves creating a stoma in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube or stent for drainage, first performed by American surgeon, Dr. John Stough Bobbs, in 1867.

  3. Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_endoscopic...

    Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy is sometimes used, with or without stenting, to relieve the obstruction, but systematic reviews have not demonstrated consistent benefits. [ 5 ] Treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: this is a diagnosis of exclusion which encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders including spasms, strictures ...

  4. Cholecystography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystography

    Oral cholecystography is a radiological procedure used to visualize the gallbladder and biliary channels, developed in 1924 by American surgeons Evarts Ambrose Graham and Warren Henry Cole. It is usually indicated in cases of suspected gallbladder disease, and can also be used to determine or rule out the presence of intermittent obstruction of ...

  5. Cholecystectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystectomy

    The procedure does come with significant risks and complications—in one retrospective study of patients who received percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis, 44% developed choledocholithiasis (one or more stones stuck in the common bile duct), 27% had tube dislodgment, and 23% developed postoperative abscess.

  6. Choledochoduodenostomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choledochoduodenostomy

    Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) is a surgical procedure to create an anastomosis, a surgical connection, between the common bile duct (CBD) and an alternative portion of the duodenum. [1] In healthy individuals, the CBD meets the pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater , which drains via the major duodenal papilla to the second part of duodenum. [ 2 ]

  7. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_transhepatic...

    Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous hepatic cholangiogram (PTHC) is a radiological technique used to visualize the anatomy of the biliary tract. [1] A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver, after which X-rays are taken.

  8. Is It Safe to Use Expired Vitamins? The Truth About Vitamin ...

    www.aol.com/vitamins-expire-nutritionists-weigh...

    There are some vitamins that come with special storage instructions, so it’s important to thoroughly read labels, Davis-Cadogan says. For example, probiotics —which are usually sold in the ...

  9. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cho...

    Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists.