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Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel.
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. [1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. [ 1 ] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.
Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms. Either via their bite, as in the case of malaria spread by mosquitoes, or via their faeces, as in the case of Chagas' Disease spread by Triatoma bugs or epidemic typhus spread by human body lice. Many invertebrates are responsible for transmitting diseases.
1866 Finnish typhus epidemic; 1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia; B. Brill–Zinsser disease; C. Coffin ship; D. Diseases and epidemics of the 19th ...
Flying squirrel typhus is a condition characterized by a rash of early macules, and, later, maculopapules. [1] The flying squirrel Glaucomys volans can transmit epidemic typhus. [2] Apart from humans, flying squirrels are the only currently known reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii. [3]
Rickettsia typhi is a causative agent of murine typhus (endemic typhus) in humans and is distributed worldwide. [26] It is an acute, febrile illness that is mainly transmitted by the fleas of rodents, commonly associated with cities and ports where urban rats ( Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus ) are abundant. [ 26 ]
Bust at Instituto Butantan.. Henrique da Rocha Lima (24 November 1879 – 12 April 1956) was a Brazilian physician, pathologist and infectologist born in Rio de Janeiro.With his friend, Stanislaus von Prowazek, he described what would later be known as Rickettsia prowazekii, the pathogen of epidemic typhus.