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  2. Publication bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias

    One effect of publication bias is sometimes called the file-drawer effect, or file-drawer problem. This term suggests that negative results, those that do not support the initial hypotheses of researchers are often "filed away" and go no further than the researchers' file drawers, leading to a bias in published research. [ 13 ]

  3. Response bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_bias

    This is one example of a type of survey that can be highly vulnerable to the effects of response bias. Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions. These biases are prevalent in research involving participant self-report, such as structured interviews or surveys ...

  4. Observer-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer-expectancy_effect

    The observer-expectancy effect [a] is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and ...

  5. Funding bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding_bias

    Funding bias, also known as sponsorship bias, funding outcome bias, funding publication bias, and funding effect, refers to the tendency of a scientific study to support the interests of the study's financial sponsor. This phenomenon is recognized sufficiently that researchers undertake studies to examine bias in past published studies.

  6. Observer effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect

    Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment; Observer bias, a detection bias in research studies resulting for example from an observer's cognitive biases

  7. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    An example of how observer bias can impact on research, and how blinded protocols can impact, can be seen in the trial for an anti-psychotic drug. Researchers that know which of the subjects received the placebo and those that received the trial drugs may later report that the group that received the trial drugs had a calmer disposition, due to ...

  8. Bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs or hypotheses while giving disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it. [34] The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to ...

  9. Reporting bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporting_bias

    Control for bias in research reporting can increase trust in the published medical literature and better inform evidence-based clinical practice. Selective reporting of suspected or confirmed adverse treatment effects is an area for particular concern because of the potential for patient harm.