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The term sister group is used in phylogenetic analysis, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".. An example is birds, whose commonly cited living sister group is the crocodiles, but that is true only when discussing extant organisms; [3] [4] when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant.
Azhdarchoidea is the sister taxon of Pteranodontoidea in this study. [19] The second cladogram is by Pêgas in 2024, which divides Azhdarchoidea into the clades Tapejaromorpha, which comprises Thalassodromidae and Tapejariformes (the latter containing Tapejaridae), and Azhdarchomorpha, which consists of Keresdrakon , Chaoyangopteridae, and ...
However, this is somewhat unclear, as analysis has shown that Psocodea could instead be the sister taxon to Holometabola, which would render Paraneoptera as paraphyletic. [ 6 ] Here is a simple cladogram showing the traditional relationships with a monophyletic Paraneoptera: [ 6 ]
A concept based on purely morphological characteristics pictures the Placozoa as the nearest relative of the animals with true tissues . The taxon they share, called the Epitheliozoa , is itself construed to be a sister group to the sponges ( Porifera ):
A phylogenetic analysis of early archosaurs by paleontologist Sterling Nesbitt (2011) found strong support for a sister taxon relationship between phytosaurs and Archosauria. [2] If this is the case, phytosaurs would be placed outside Pseudosuchia in a more basal position among archosauriforms.
In 2023, using molecular phylogenetic analysis of 186 taxa, Al Jewari and Baldauf proposed a phylogenetic tree with the metamonad Parabasalia as basal Eukaryotes. Discoba and the rest of the Eukaryota appear to have emerged as sister taxon to the Preaxostyla, incorporating a single alphaproteobacterium as mitochondria by endosymbiosis. Thus the ...
They concluded that only three hypotheses of aetosaur relationships from previous studies were still true: that Aetosaurus is the most basal aetosaur, that Aetosauroides is the sister taxon of Stagonolepis robertsoni, and that Longosuchus and Desmatosuchus are more closely related to each other than either is to Neoaetosauroides. They also went ...
They included a phylogenetic analysis which placed the Chindesaurus + Tawa clade in the base of Theropoda, a similar position to that first described for Tawa.Their sister-taxon relationship was supported by one apomorphy, or unique derived trait: a posterior margin of the proximal end of the tibia which is divided by two notches. It was also ...