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Complex modulus may refer to: Modulus of complex number , in mathematics, the norm or absolute value, of a complex number: | x + i y | = x 2 + y 2 {\displaystyle |x+iy|={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}} Dynamic modulus , in materials engineering, the ratio of stress to strain under vibratory conditions
This formula distinguishes the complex number i from any real number, since the square of any (negative or positive) real number is always a non-negative real number. With this definition of multiplication and addition, familiar rules for the arithmetic of rational or real numbers continue to hold for complex numbers.
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part, and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
As noted above, the absolute value of a real or complex number is the distance from that number to the origin, along the real number line, for real numbers, or in the complex plane, for complex numbers, and more generally, the absolute value of the difference of two real or complex numbers is the distance between them.
In fact, the same proof shows that Euler's formula is even valid for all complex numbers x. A point in the complex plane can be represented by a complex number written in cartesian coordinates. Euler's formula provides a means of conversion between cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates. The polar form simplifies the mathematics when used ...
Modulus (modular arithmetic), base of modular arithmetic; Modulus, the absolute value of a real or complex number ( | a |) Moduli space, in mathematics a geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects; Conformal modulus, a measure of the size of a curve family; Modulus of continuity, a function gauging the uniform continuity ...
The maximum modulus principle has many uses in complex analysis, and may be used to prove the following: The fundamental theorem of algebra. Schwarz's lemma, a result which in turn has many generalisations and applications in complex analysis. The Phragmén–Lindelöf principle, an extension to unbounded domains.
If K is a number field, ν(p) = 0 or 1 for real places and ν(p) = 0 for complex places. If K is a function field, ν(p) = 0 for all infinite places. In the function field case, a modulus is the same thing as an effective divisor, [5] and in the number field case, a modulus can be considered as special form of Arakelov divisor. [6]