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In Leading Change (1996), and subsequently in The Heart of Change (2002), Kotter describes an eight stage model of successful change in which he seeks to support managers to lead change and to understand how people accept, engage with and maintain successful organisational change. The eight stages or steps include the creation of "a sense of ...
John P. Kotter, a pioneer of change management, invented the 8-Step Process for Leading Change. John P. Kotter, the Konosuke Matsushita Professor of Leadership, Emeritus, at the Harvard Business School is considered the most influential expert of change management. [29] He invented the 8-Step Process for Leading Change. It consists of eight stages:
The need for business transformation may be caused by external changes in the market such as an organisation's products or services being out of date, funding or income streams being changed, new regulations coming into force or market competition becoming more intense.
A way to implement a change is to connect it to organizational membership. People may have to be selected and terminated in terms of their fit with the new culture. [75] Encouraging employee motivation and loyalty is key and creates a healthy culture. Change managers must be able to connect the desired behavior and organizational success.
It also illustrates other aspects of Lewin's general model of change. As indicated in the diagram, the planning stage is a period of unfreezing, or problem awareness. [22] The action stage is a period of change, that is, trying out new forms of behavior in an effort to understand and cope with the system's problems.
According to Institute of Management Consultants USA, "The value of a consultant [as compared to a subject-matter expert (SME)] [11] [12] [13] is to be able to correctly diagnose and effectively transform an often ill-defined problem and apply information, resources and processes to create a workable and usable solution.
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Visual representation of the model [1]. The McKinsey 7S Framework is a management model developed by business consultants Robert H. Waterman, Jr. and Tom Peters (who also developed the MBWA-- "Management By Walking Around" motif, and authored In Search of Excellence) in the 1980s.