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The symptoms of Alpha-gal syndrome. AGS can cause a range of symptoms: mild ones like a rash or hives, or more severe ones such as difficulty breathing, and even anaphylaxis, says infectious ...
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also known as alpha-gal allergy or mammalian meat allergy (MMA), [1] is a type of acquired allergy characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms (3–8 hours) after ingesting mammalian meat. The condition results from past exposure to certain tick bites and was first reported in 2002.
The lone star tick can cause an allergic reaction known as alpha-gal syndrome. The tick's saliva contains a sugar molecule called galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal).
The range of symptoms is vast; alpha-gal syndrome can cause hives, heartburn, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, drops in blood pressure, dizziness, severe stomach pain, and even anaphylaxis.
When the same tick attaches to the next host (e.g., a human) it transfers the alpha-gal to the tissues of that next host. The immune system of some humans recognises alpha-gal as foreign and so produces antibodies against it. In this case the antibody produced is IgE, which is the type of antibody responsible for most allergic reactions.
This illness is a tick-borne disease carried by the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum.This tick was first proposed as a possible vector of disease in 1984, [2] and the illnesses associated with the tick called "Lyme-like disease", [3] but it was not recognized to be distinct from Lyme disease until the late 1990s.
In a person with alpha-gal syndrome, symptoms typically appear two to six hours after eating or being exposed to the molecule, and can include: Hives or itchy rash Nausea or vomiting
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