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Letter-substitution cipher for English [11] Sometimes read in a spiral. Ehlnofex: The Elder Scrolls: The Elves, or Mer, use languages derived from ancient Ehlnofex, including Dunmeris, Pyandonean, Orcish (Orsimeris) and Bosmeris. [12] Shiväisith: David J. Peterson: Thor: The Dark World: Finno-Ugric [13] The language of the Dark Elves. Written ...
2 Supposedly in Azaghâl, 'gh' [ɣ] is used to represent this sound in Black Speech and Orcish, but wasn't said of Khuzdul. Could also be [ ɡh ] or [ ɡʰ ]. 3 Alveolar trill [ r ] a later variant in pronunciation, the uvular trill [ ʀ ] being the original Khuzdul pronunciation.
The English philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien created several constructed languages, mostly related to his fictional world of Middle-earth.Inventing languages, something that he called glossopoeia (paralleling his idea of mythopoeia or myth-making), was a lifelong occupation for Tolkien, starting in his teens.
Orcish proverbs straddle the fine line between clever and stupid. Not the bad kind of stupid, mind you; the forehead slap, the solemn head shake, a disappointed sigh are our connotations.
The orc was a sort of "hell-devil" in Old English literature, and the orc-né (pl. orc-néas, "demon-corpses") was a race of corrupted beings and descendants of Cain, alongside the elf, according to the poem Beowulf. Tolkien adopted the term orc from these old attestations, which he professed was a choice made purely for "phonetic suitability ...
Tolkien described one Orc's utterances as being in "the Common Speech, which he made almost as hideous as his own tongue". [6] The language was used "only in Mordor", Tolkien stated, and it was "never used willingly by any other people"; for this reason, "even the names of places in Mordor are in English", representing Westron. [7]
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of languages from the original English. He was critical of some early versions, and made efforts to improve translation by providing a detailed "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings", alongside an appendix "On Translation" in the book itself.
The modern English word Elf derives from the Old English word ælf (with cognates in all other Germanic languages). [2] Numerous types of elves appear in Germanic mythology ; the West Germanic concept appears to have come to differ from the Scandinavian notion in the early Middle Ages, and the Anglo-Saxon concept diverged even further, possibly ...