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A confined space is a space with limited entry and egress and not suitable for human inhabitants. Alternative names for a confined space are enclosed space and dangerous space. [1] An example is the interior of a storage tank, occasionally entered by maintenance workers but not intended for human occupancy.
A blast injury is a complex type of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion. [1] Blast injuries occur with the detonation of high-order explosives as well as the deflagration of low order explosives. These injuries are compounded when the explosion occurs in a confined space.
The backblast area is dangerous to ground personnel, [2] who may be burned by the gases or exposed to overpressure caused by the explosion. [3] In confined spaces, common in urban warfare, even the operators themselves may be at risk due to deflection of backblast by walls or sturdier civilian vehicles behind them.
The phrase appears in this sense in American state mining regulations, [2] [3] in military and corporate procedures, [4] [5] and in various mining and military blasting-related print books and narratives, [6] e.g. during bomb disposal or throwing grenades into a confined space. [1]
Explosion of unserviceable ammunition and other military items The explosion of the Castle Bravo nuclear bomb. An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be ...
Confined spaces also present a work hazard. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines "confined space" as having limited openings for entry and exit and unfavorable natural ventilation, and which is not intended for continuous employee occupancy.
Confined space: Usually refers to a "confined space rescue." This involves a space that may have very limited access, little or no room to maneuver, poor air or light, and very likely other hazards. A trench cave-in, a collapsed building, a sewer or utility vault rescue, or a problem in and around industrial equipment are some examples.
Diagram showing the five requirements for a dust explosion. There are five necessary conditions for a dust explosion: [3] A combustible dust; The dust is dispersed in the air within certain flammability limits; There is an oxidant (typically atmospheric oxygen) There is an ignition source; The area is confined – a building can be an enclosure