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Penang fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on 19 December 1941, marking the start of a period of Japanese occupation. [85] [89] Penang Island was renamed Tojo-to, after the Japanese Prime Minister at the time, Hideki Tojo. [88] George Town's harbour facilities were also put to use as a major Axis submarine base in Southeast Asia. [90] [91] [92] [93]
Penang, like other Peninsular states, has Islam as its official religion. [2] Even so, Penang is one of two states in Malaysia where Islam is not in the majority, the other being Sarawak. As of 2020, Muslims constituted over 45% of Penang's population, followed by Buddhists at nearly 38%, Hindus at more than 8% and Christians at 4%. [1]
Map of Penang Island surveyed by Commander F C P Vereker in 1884. With an area of 295 km 2 (114 sq mi), Penang Island is the fourth largest island wholly in Malaysia, after Banggi Island, Bruit Island and Langkawi Island. It is also the most populated island city in the country, with a population of 794,313 as of 2020. [1]
Like in the rest of Malaysia, Malay is currently Penang's official language. The Malays and Jawi Peranakans in the city often use Bahasa Tanjong, a variant of the Kedah Malay dialect that is slightly modified to suit the conditions of a cosmopolitan society. [156] Meanwhile, the Tamils form the bulk of George Town's Indian community. [38]
However, Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia almost two years later left George Town once again as the sole city in Malaysia until 1974 when Kuala Lumpur was granted city status. The merger of the George Town City Council with the Penang Island Rural District Council in 1974 sparked a debate over George Town's city status that lasted for decades.
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The Supreme Court of Penang was first opened at Fort Cornwallis in the following year, with Edmond Stanley assuming office as its first Recorder (Judge). [26] [27] In the following decades, Penang's judiciary and police force were progressively extended to the whole of the Straits Settlements, and later copied throughout British Malaya.
The final peace agreement was signed with Indonesia, which formally recognised Malaysia, marked the end of Malaysia-Indonesia confrontation 30 - 31 October: US President, Lyndon B. Johnson made historic visit to Malaysia. This is the first US President to set foot on Malaysian soil. 1967: February