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  2. Reverse Mathematics: Proofs from the Inside Out - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Mathematics:...

    The book begins with a historical overview of the long struggles with the parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry, [3] and of the foundational crisis of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [6] Then, after reviewing background material in real analysis and computability theory, [1] the book concentrates on the reverse mathematics of theorems in real analysis, [3] including the Bolzano ...

  3. Jon Barwise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Barwise

    Barwise, along with his former colleague at Stanford John Etchemendy, was the author of the popular logic textbook Language, Proof and Logic. Unlike the Handbook of Mathematical Logic, which was a survey of the state of the art of mathematical logic circa 1975, and of which he was the editor, this work targeted elementary logic. The text is ...

  4. Proof theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_theory

    Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. [5] The field was founded by Harvey Friedman . Its defining method can be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms ", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving ...

  5. Susanna S. Epp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanna_S._Epp

    Initially researching commutative algebra, Epp became interested by cognitive psychology, especially in education of Mathematics, Logic, Proof, and the Language of mathematics. She wrote several articles about teaching logic and proof in American Mathematical Monthly , and the Mathematics Teacher , a Journal by the National Council of Teachers ...

  6. Proofs and Refutations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_and_Refutations

    Proofs and Refutations: The Logic of Mathematical Discovery is a 1976 book by philosopher Imre Lakatos expounding his view of the progress of mathematics.The book is written as a series of Socratic dialogues involving a group of students who debate the proof of the Euler characteristic defined for the polyhedron.

  7. Structural proof theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_proof_theory

    The notion of analytic proof was introduced into proof theory by Gerhard Gentzen for the sequent calculus; the analytic proofs are those that are cut-free.His natural deduction calculus also supports a notion of analytic proof, as was shown by Dag Prawitz; the definition is slightly more complex—the analytic proofs are the normal forms, which are related to the notion of normal form in term ...

  8. Proof calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_calculus

    A formal proof of a well-formed formula in a proof system is a set of axioms and rules of inference of proof system that infers that the well-formed formula is a theorem of proof system. [ 2 ] Usually a given proof calculus encompasses more than a single particular formal system, since many proof calculi are under-determined and can be used for ...

  9. Proof without words - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_without_words

    Proof without words of the Nicomachus theorem (Gulley (2010)) that the sum of the first n cubes is the square of the n th triangular number. In mathematics, a proof without words (or visual proof) is an illustration of an identity or mathematical statement which can be demonstrated as self-evident by a diagram without any accompanying explanatory text.

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