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  2. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    The σ from the 2p is more non-bonding due to mixing, and same with the 2s σ. This also causes a large jump in energy in the 2p σ* orbital. The bond order of diatomic nitrogen is three, and it is a diamagnetic molecule. [12] The bond order for dinitrogen (1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 4 3σ g 2) is three because two electrons are now ...

  3. Carbon–oxygen bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonoxygen_bond

    A carbonoxygen bond is a polar covalent bond between atoms of carbon and oxygen. [1] [2] [3]: 16–22 Carbonoxygen bonds are found in many inorganic compounds such as carbon oxides and oxohalides, carbonates and metal carbonyls, [4] and in organic compounds such as alcohols, ethers, and carbonyl compounds.

  4. Octet rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule

    The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO 2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule.. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

  5. Carbonyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_group

    The polarity of C=O bond also enhances the acidity of any adjacent C-H bonds. Due to the positive charge on carbon and the negative charge on oxygen, carbonyl groups are subject to additions and/or nucleophilic attacks. A variety of nucleophiles attack, breaking the carbon-oxygen double bond, and leading to addition-elimination reactions.

  6. Bond order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_order

    The bond order between carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide O=C=O is also 2. In phosgene O=CCl 2, the bond order between carbon and oxygen is 2, and between carbon and chlorine is 1. In some molecules, bond orders can be 4 (quadruple bond), 5 (quintuple bond) or even 6 (sextuple bond).

  7. Group-contribution method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group-contribution_method

    The smallest common constituents are the atoms and the bonds. The vast majority of organic components, for example, are built of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogens (not including astatine), and maybe sulfur or phosphorus. Together with a single, a double, and a triple bond there are only ten atom types and three bond types to build ...

  8. Tolman electronic parameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman_electronic_parameter

    The A 1 "stretch" mode of Ni(CO) 3 L used to determine the TEP of L. The Tolman electronic parameter ( TEP ) is a measure of the electron donating or withdrawing ability of a ligand . It is determined by measuring the frequency of the A 1 C-O vibrational mode (ν(CO)) of a (pseudo)-C 3v symmetric complex, [LNi(CO) 3 ] by infrared spectroscopy ...

  9. Acyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl_group

    The carbonoxygen bond length in these cations is near 1.1 Å (110-112 pm), which is shorter than the 112.8 pm of carbon monoxide and indicates triple-bond character. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The carbon centres of acylium ions generally have a linear geometry and sp atomic hybridization , and are best represented by a resonance structure bearing a ...

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